ABSTRACT
Boron-hydrogen (B-H) materials are used as hydrogen and heat sources, due to their reducing potential. It has been shown again with the COVID-19 pandemic that greenhouse gas activities are anthropogenic in origin. In particular, the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals has an important place in the fight against the climate crisis. The conversion of anthropogenic CO2 into valuable chemicals has important implications for a habitable world. In many studies in the literature, boron hydrides have been used to produce, hydrogen and convert carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals. Formic acid and methanol obtained by hydrogenation can be seen as the clean energy movement of the future with its value in hydrogen storage. The type of valuable chemicals that will be formed by the hydrogenation of CO2 is directly related to the method to be followed. The type of catalyst used, or how much hydrogen molecule interacts with CO2, determines the valuable chemical that will form. Disturbances in the thermodynamics of the hydrogenation of CO2 have been tried to be eliminated by various types of catalysts and necessary condition optimizations. Many catalysts and methods developed for the hydrogenation of CO2 were examined. This study discusses the use of B-H materials via catalytic conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals in terms of critical factors such as reaction conditions, selection of catalyst, and solvent. © 2022 Proceedings of WHEC 2022 - 23rd World Hydrogen Energy Conference: Bridging Continents by H2. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, one of the key postulates in the European Union’s policy has become the development of renewable energy sources. In order to achieve the desired synergy effect, the idea of combining two selected sources of energy appeared. This article presents a technical and economic analysis of a hybrid connection of a ground source heat pump with a photovoltaic installation. Taking into account the heat demand of the building, a ground heat pump with a catalog nominal heating power of 25 kW was selected. This article presents the problem of the economic profitability of using a hybrid combination of a heat pump and photovoltaic panels in domestic hot water and central heating systems. The justification for the use of such heat sources in these installations is due to global trends and the gradual departure from conventional energy sources such as oil or gas boilers. This paper presents the economic and ecological results of using the pump heat connected together with photovoltaic panels. In the economic analysis, with the assumed installation costs related to the use of the considered heat pump and PV, two parameters commonly used in the investment analysis (static and dynamic) were used, namely, the simple payback period and the net present value of the investment. For the adopted assumptions, the usable area of the facility and the number of years of use were indicated, at which the investment in question is competitive with other alternative investment interest methods and will start to bring tangible benefits. The performed analysis also has measurable environmental benefits in the form of a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions at the level of 2893 kg/year into the atmosphere. The presented solution will help future investors understand the investment profitability mechanism for their households.
ABSTRACT
The study concerns the preparation of post-consumer food packaging for selective collection that takes place in households. The previously reported results suggested that the economic cost of washing the packaging exceeded the value of recyclable materials. A shortage of up-to-date papers on the economic balance of packaging washing, taking into account current trends in the increase of prices of materials and energy carriers, has been identified. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the application of particular heat sources on the total cost of preparing the glass and plastic packaging for selective collection, as well as to compare the cost with the economic value of recyclables. Over the last ten years, a drop in the purchase price of glass cullet and post-consumer plastic, as well as an increase in the cost of cold and hot water, have been reported. Accordingly, the profit of packaging cleaning, defined as the difference between the value of recyclable materials and the cost of washing them, has decreased. The energy consumed for water heating was identified as the most relevant factor affecting the entire economic balance. Even assuming the most efficient water heating solutions, the pre-treatment of the post-consumer food packaging turned out to be unprofitable. The conclusion reached in the previously published study has been confirmed.
ABSTRACT
This paper demonstrates the need and potential for using waste heat recovery (WHR) systems from infrared gas radiant heaters, which are typical heat sources in large halls, due to the increasing energy-saving requirements for buildings in the EU and the powerful and wide-spread development of the e-commerce market. The types of gas radiant heaters are discussed and the classification of WHR systems from these devices is performed. The article also presents for the first time our innovative solution, not yet available on the market, for the recovery of heat from the exhaust gases of ceramic infrared heaters. The energy analysis for an industrial hall shows that this solution allows for environmental benefits at different levels, depending on the gas infrared heater efficiency, by reducing the amount of fuel and emissions for domestic hot water (DHW) preparation (36.8%, 15.4% and 5.4%, respectively, in the case of low-, standard- and high-efficiency infrared heaters). These reductions, considering both DHW preparation and hall heating, are 16.1%, 7.6% and 3.0%, respectively. The key conclusion is that the innovative solution can spectacularly improve the environmental effect and achieve the highest level of fuel savings in existing buildings that are heated with radiant heaters with the lowest radiant efficiency.
ABSTRACT
Aiming at the problem of insufficient quantity and spatial refinement in the extraction of industrial heat source from annual scale thermal anomaly data, a neural network industrial heat source extraction method based on temperature feature template is proposed by using VIIRS active fire data. This study took Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas as the study area, Firstly, according to the spatial aggregation characteristics of industrial heat sources, the heat source objects were divided by the OPTICS algorithm. Secondly, according to the thermal radiation characteristics of the heat sources, the temperature characteristic template of industrial heat sources and non-industrial heat sources were constructed. Finally, the BP neural network was used to extract industrial heat source objects using the temperature feature template and heat source statistical characteristics as parameters. The results show that: (1) the extraction precision of industrial heat source of the neural network algorithm of temperature feature template proposed in this paper reached 96.31%. Compared with time filtering and logistic regression methods, the extraction precision of industrial heat sources was improved by 8.45% and 7.53%, respectively;(2) From 2015 to 2020, the number of industrial heat sources in the six provinces and cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas decreased by 27.46%. The number of industrial heat source objects and heat anomalies in Hebei Province decreased by 8.06% and 7.44% annually, respectively, which was the largest decrease compared with other provinces and cities. The concentration of industrial heat sources in Shandong and Tianjin increased by 25.72% and 86.64%, respectively, indicating that the industrial transformation and upgrade policies in the two places have achieved remarkable results;(3) Tangshan, Handan, Lvliang, and Changzhi accounted for 31.37% of the total industrial heat sources in the study area, which are the main cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas. The degree of industrial heat source accumulation and energy consumption in seven cities such as Linfen and Taiyuan was higher than those in other cities;The degree of industrial heat source accumulation and energy consumption in 11 cities such as Beijing and Zhoukou was lower than those in other cities;(4) From January to May 2020, the number of industrial heat anomalies in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas remained unchanged or increased compared with the same period in 2019 and 2021. The COVID-19 had no significant impact on the industrial heat source in the study area. The number of industrial heat anomalies in Wuhan in January and February 2020 decreased by more than 66.67% compared with that in the same period in 2019 and 2021, the number of industrial heat anomalies from March to May 2020 was lower than that in the same period of 2019. The COVID-19 has had a significant impact on industrial heat sources in Wuhan from January to May 2020. This study reflects the current situation and trend of industrial heat source development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, which provides a valuable reference for the formulation and adjustment of relevant policies such as reducing energy consumption and improving secondary industry concentration. © 2022, Science Press. All right reserved.
ABSTRACT
Thermal Cycler is the main part of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which becoming a gold standard for Covid-19 diagnosis. The virus multiplication in an order to a detectable concentration is done by placing the virus solution at a deterministic temperature cycle. The solution is placed in a small tube inserted in a temperature block. Temperature distribution of the thermal block is important to make all the tube with sample treated at the same at desired target temperature. Study on the thermal block made of aluminium 7075 was simulated using fluid dynamic finite element method. Heating and colling to the target temperature was done by providing heat source and heat absorber. The temperature distribution on the surface was mapped. The temperature gradient perpendicular to the heat source was calculated. Assuming the environment of the thermal block was still air, the heating and cooling speed at given heat source and heat removal were calculated using the model. The temperature gradient from the top surface to the bottom surface is less than 2.5?. The temperature difference among point at the surface is less than 0.1?. © Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.